Розвиток альтернативної енергетики в країнах "Великої сімки": досвід для України

Abstract

UA : Кваліфікаційна робота: 91 с., 16 рис., 14 табл., 66 джерел. Об’єктом дослідження є альтернативна енергетика. Предметом дослідження є ефективність використання альтернативних джерел енергії. Мета роботи полягає у розробці теоретичних і методичних аспектів щодо підвищення економічного забезпечення розвитку альтернативної енергетики Методи дослідження. Дослідження ґрунтується на використанні системного підходу, що полягає в комплексному дослідженні компонентів економічного забезпечення розвитку альтернативної енергетики в Україні. Крім того, у роботі застосовувались наступні методи: логічного узагальнення, статистичного дослідження, економічного аналізу (при аналізі динаміки розвитку ВДЕ України та узагальнення зарубіжного досвіду розвитку ВДЕ).

EN : Qualification work: 91 pages, 16 figures, 14 tables, 66 sources. The subject of the study is alternative energy. The subject of the study is the efficiency of the use of alternative energy sources. The purpose of the work is to develop theoretical and methodological aspects to improve the economic support for the development of alternative energy Research methods. The study is based on the use of a systematic approach, which is a comprehensive study of the components of economic support for the development of alternative energy in Ukraine. In addition, the following methods were used in the work: logical generalization, statistical research, economic analysis (in analyzing the dynamics of development of RES in Ukraine and generalization of foreign experience of RES development). Reducing the stock of traditional energy resources, increasing the negative impact of energy on the environment have led to the urgent need to review the current state of the energy sector and look for opportunities to upgrade and reboot it. Ukraine is one of the many countries that are experiencing painful problems. Dependence on the import of expensive energy resources poses significant socio-economic problems. The extremely high degree of deterioration of domestic infrastructure, including energy, and, consequently, the low efficiency of energy use, is one of the factors why Ukraine is among the countries with high energy intensity of the economy. Thus, the energy intensity of Ukraine's GDP is 2.8 times higher than the corresponding indicators of OECD countries. A similar situation is observed with regard to the level of carbon intensity of GDP. Due to energy waste and the lack of modern requirements for an environmentally friendly functioning of the energy system with a careful attitude to the environment, one of the highest death rates due to air pollution is established in Ukraine. Today, Ukraine is lagging behind in terms of use of RES not only from economically developed countries of the world (including from the countries of the Visegrad Group), but also from the global indicator. The share of RES in gross final consumption of energy in the world was 20% in 2014, while in Ukraine this figure was only 4.2% according to the International Energy Agency. However, there are many prerequisites in Ukraine for the "energy transition". In particular, the level of investment in renewable energy is increasing, there are appropriate economic incentives ("green tariff", programs for compensation of costs for energy efficient measures), the State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving of Ukraine promotes the need to more actively develop renewable energy. Ukraine is a member of the European Energy Community and has signed and ratified the Association Agreement with the EU, pledging to improve energy efficiency, develop renewable energy, reduce greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Therefore, the state and trends of alternative energy development in Ukraine and in the world were analyzed in the work, the main regularities and problems were identified. On the basis of the analysis of statistical data, an assessment of the development of the industry's performance was made, as well as practical recommendations for improving the investment environment and state incentive mechanisms for renewable energy in Ukraine were given. The work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions, list of references and applications.