Особливості перекладу та культурної адаптації англомовних серіалів українською мовою (на матеріалі американського телесеріалу "The Witcher")

Abstract

UA : Об’єкт дослідження: проблеми перекладу культурно-детермінованих лексичних одиниць, що підлягають адаптації під час перекладу серіалів. Мета роботи: дослідити специфіку адаптації та проаналізувати перекладацькі рішення при культурній адаптації аудіовізуального тексту серіалу “The Witcher” та пов’язані з цим проблеми перекладу. Теоретико-методологічні засади: ключові положення досліджень, присвячених поняттям «кінотекст» та «аудіовізуальний переклад» їх проблематиці, визначенням та видам їх адаптації (Н. Возненко,Т. П. Андрієнко, Л. Білозерська, А. П. Мельник, Т. В. Кропінова), означенню «адаптації» в теорії перекладу та її особливостями і екстра- та лінгвістичним проблемам, за якими стикаються перекладачі (О. А. Кальниченко, В.О. Підміногін), розгляд понять «форенізація та доместикація», їх функціювання на рівні передачі культурного аспекту при перекладі та класифікація(Ванг Донфенг, Р. П. Зорівчак та ін.). Отримані результати: переклад кінотексту значно відрізняється від перекладу інших типів тексту - наявність розподілення загальної інформації в тексті між вербальним та невербальним планами вираження. Аудіовізуальний переклад є відносно новою дисципліною, має чотири канали інформації: словесного, невербального, словесно-візуального та невербально-візуального, що беруться до уваги під час процесу перекладу. Теорія адаптації викликає дуже багато дискусій серед науковців і існують два підходи до тлумачення адаптації( форенцізація та доместикація) Основними способами перекладу та адаптування були: транскодування, калькування, пошук еквіваленту, транслітерація.

EN : The work is devoted to the theoretical study of cultural adaptation and practical analysis of the translation techniques used during the translation of English-language TV series into Ukrainian, based on the material of the TV series "The Witcher". It was possible to come to some theoretically significant conclusions regarding the definition of the film text as an object of translation and the peculiarities and types of its translation. In addition, we considered the theory of adaptation in translation studies and what problems specialists face when translating an audiovisual text. In addition, the ways in which cultural features can be transmitted, namely through foreignization and domestication, were considered. The results of the research can be formulated as follows. Firstly, the translation of a film text is significantly different from the translation of other types of text, primarily due to the presence of a distribution of general information in the text between verbal (dialogues, thoughts, correspondence, inscriptions, etc.) and non-verbal (all information about the world around, about the events and physical actions of the characters is transmitted visually) plans of expression. We relied on the importance of the non-verbal aspect and its relationship with the verbal during translation significantly exceeds the significance of extralinguistic factors due to the transfer of the content load in favor of the non-verbal. There are cases of agreement and conflict between these two plans, and the translator should pay attention to which plan of expression plays a more important role, in which plan the meaning valid in this situation is embedded, and choose the appropriate translation strategy Also, we determined that audiovisual translation is a relatively new discipline, for which it is quite characteristic that there are certain limitations during translation (synchrony, compression, paraphrasing and adaptation of speech). The peculiarity of audiovisual translation is the presence four channels of information: verbal, non-verbal, verbal-visual and non-verbal-visual, which are taken into account during the translation process. Audiovisual translation can be classified into dubbing, subtitles, voice-over

translation, audio description Each of these types has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in use, and requires the translator to pay special attention to the relevant aspects Secondly, the analysis of the works of modern translation studies made it possible to understand that the theory of adaptation causes a lot of discussions among scientists and there are two approaches to the interpretation of adaptation. On the one hand, adaptation is considered a technique aimed at replacing an unknown semantic component of the text with a more familiar one for the recipient, and on the other hand, a way to achieve correspondence and equality of the communicative effect of the original and translated texts A very important factor is that the translator must make adaptations according to the peculiarities of the means of language and the style of the text. Thirdly, the analysis of the material on the topic of linguistic and extra-linguistic

problems in the translation of the film text showed that the linguistic system is an oral- written component, which includes all types of titles, various inscriptions, as well as

the language of the actors (film dialogue). The non-linguistic system of the film text - indexical and iconic signs. This also includes the sound part - rain, wind, etc., technical noises and music, people, animals, objects, etc. During the translation of the film, a kind of creolization of the film text takes place, since the work takes place in the plane of linguistic and non-linguistic systems, and the task of the translator is not to violate the primary unity of both systems. Thus, elements of the linguistic system (language of the actors, song, inscriptions) must coincide with elements of the non-linguistic system (movements of actors, location of objects in the frame, etc.). In addition, it was determined that adaptation is a complex process and combines two opposite methods: foreignization and domestication of cultural information. Foreignization is a strategy of preserving the cultural component of the original text in translation and bringing the original product closer to the recipient. It includes the following translation transformations: transcription, transliteration, full and partial tracing. Domestication brings the text closer to the culture of the target language, but with the loss of information of the original text. The means of this technique include:

hyperonymic renaming, combined renaming, cross-language connotative transposition, the method of assimilation and the search for a situational counterpart (equivalent). To achieve a result in the form of an adequate and equivalent translation, translators use techniques belonging to these two strategies. To perform the translation analysis in the practical part of the work, three aspects were highlighted, which are indicative in the adaptation of the series. Among these aspects are proper names, translation of songs, a subspecies of stylistically reduced vocabulary: vulgarisms. Having studied the use of strategies for the translation of proper names, it can be concluded that the dominant strategy was foreignization, with the main technique of transcription and tracing used to translate most of the names and names of geographical places, institutions and creatures from the bestiary. Domestication in this category has become a secondary technique.