Англомовні евфемізми у публіцистичному дискурсі та проблеми їх перекладу українською мовою

Abstract

EN : Euphemisms are widely used in all areas of human life and are also very popular in journalistic discourse as a linguistic unit that replaces another one in order to reflect more positive connotation of a word or phrase. Thus, the euphemism is more acceptable equivalent of a word and is not associated with negative connotation by the recipient that contributes to comfortable perception of the provided information. According to the researches made by famous linguists, the main functions of euphemism are to mitigate, obscure and mask the negative meaning of an object or phenomenon created by the society, the replacement of rude and obscene words and phrases. Also the process of euphemism occurs as a formation of a substitute for the forbidden or taboo words and is actively used by modern society and indigenous tribes. In English-language journalistic discourse, euphemisms are used as means of politically correct expression and evaluation of a concept, phenomenon or event that occurs in society. Discourse, as one of the linguistic signs, is quite significant in studying the functioning of structural and semantic features of euphemisms. Discourse, which is very closely related to speech and text can be divided by its motives (discourse - desires, duties, opportunities), by language function (media, judicial, corporate), by meeting the needs of society and by form. One of the most common discourses is journalistic. English-language journalistic discourse is very closely linked to society and plays an important role in its functioning. The media actively covers events around the world and show their positive and negative aspects. By using euphemisms they are masking negative aspects which in turn subconsciously influencу the recipient and cause a positive or neutral assessment of the object and phenomenon. The cognitive analysis on a subconscious level is one of the main factors in the perception of information. Thus, journalistic discourse not only influences but also acts as a filter of information for society. The main characteristics of English- language journalistic discourse are its completeness, integrity and logical-consistent coherence. With the constant use of English-language euphemisms, journalistic discourse also acts as a source of dissemination of new and preservation of old euphemistic expressions, which are quite actively used in newspaper news and articles. Military euphemisms are widely used in media texts, because military conflicts, including terrorist acts, are still taking place and the coverage of news about such events is quite relevant for English-language journalistic discourse. In the analysis of military euphemisms, it can be noted that euphemisms are used in connection with the description of certain military aspects: terrorism, description of participants in military conflicts and their actions, weapons and auxiliary devices and institutions, military wounds and diseases received as a result of conflicts , the course of military operations. According to the examples found, the main sources of military euphemisms are the major military conflicts of the twentieth century. It was during the First World War that euphemisms were actively used to soften the horrific events and defeats that took place at the front. Other conflicts include the Vietnam War and the Afghan War. Most examples of English-language military euphemisms were found to denote the course of military events, which described actions unacceptable for military operations. The main way of translating euphemisms was analogy and calque. Thus, military euphemisms play an important role in society and journalistic discourse, which reflects the main negative consequences and results of military operations.

UA : Дипломна робота – 63 стор., 86 джерел Об’єкт дослідження: особливості перекладу військових евфемізмів в періодичних виданнях з англійської мови на українську Мета робота: дослідження проблем перекладу українською мовою англомовних евфемізмів у публіцистичному дискурсі Теоретико-методологічні засади: ключові положення теорії англомовного публіцистичного дискурсу та функціонування евфемізмів в лінгвістиці (Л. С. Бархударова, А. М. Кацева, М. Л. Ковшової, В. Н. Коміссарова, Л. П. Крисіна, Б. А. Ларіна, В. П. Москвіна, А. А. Реформатського, Є. П. Сенічкіної, Т. А. Ширяєва). Отримані результати: поняття та функції терміну «евфемізм» полягають у маскувальні, пом’якшені негативно маркованої лексики для реципієнта, що дуже поширено використовується в англомовних періодичних виданнях. Тексти ЗМІ відносяться до публіцистичного дискурсу активно впливає і взаємодіє з суспільством, що забезпечує актуальність використання евфемізмів. Англомовні евфемізми утворюються за допомогою: 1) словотворення: словоскладання, абревіація, ономатопея; 2) фонемічна модифікація: чорний сленг, сленг-рима, заміна фонеми, запозичення слів, метафора, метонімія, імплікація, літота, гіпербола. До основних способів перекладу військових евфемізмів відносяться: аналог, калькування, транслітерація і транскрипція, описовий переклад.