Лінгвальні особливості неологізмів англійської мови останнього десятиліття, пов’язаних з фізкультурою та спортом, та їх переклад українською мовою

Abstract

EN : The thesis deals with the issues of vocabulary innovations of the last decade related to physical culture and sports and their translation from English into Ukrainian. The objective of the research is to analyze lingual peculiarities of English neologisms of the last decade related to physical culture and sports and to decide on the ways and means of the translation of the neologisms from English into Ukrainian. The most numerous group of innovations of the last decade is represented by lexemes and phraseological units that nominate various new sports, tourism, physical culture, fitness. Among them should be noted: new types of tourism and agents: apitourism (tourism, whose participants observe the life of bees and related phenomena), astrotourism (travel to places where you can observe the unobstructed starry sky or outer space), champing (church + camping) (a kind of tourism when its participants spend the night in an abandoned church), entropy tourist (a person who likes to travel to places of decline, abandoned places), philantourism (a holiday trip to those places that still need the support of the tourism industry), tombstone tourist (a person who for fun visits cemeteries to view monuments on the graves of famous people), wild cycling (cycling tourism, which is a study of rural, especially "wild" areas), flashpacking (a kind of hiking, in which the participant has in his backpack all the necessary things, including modern electronic devices). The second most numerous group is represented by new sports, including extreme sports, and their participants: canicross (canine + cross country) (a sport in which a cross-country runner has a dog on a leash in front of special harness), slopestyle (a new winter sport, the athlete performs various tricks, jumping high on a snowboard), droneboarding (a sport when a person standing on a special board (snowboard), quickly moves on the snow surface due to an unmanned aerial vehicle ( drone) to which it is tied), flyboarding (sport that involves "hanging" the athlete in the air over the water on a special board), volcano boarding (extreme sports in the form of movement on the slopes of the volcano on a special board). Various types and methods of physical exercises and fitness are becoming more and more popular in English-speaking countries. This can be applied primarily to the latest fashion types and forms of "yoga": acro-yoga (a type of exercise that combines acrobatics with yoga), Air Yoga (a form of yoga in which a person suspended on a rope, takes different poses), Broga (a variant of physical exercises on the system of "yoga" for men ", goat yoga (exercises on the system of "yoga", which are practiced in the presence of goats), etc. There are examples of innovations that denote special types of physical activity, especially when exercises alternate with the rest: HIIS (abbreviation of the phrase highintensity interval skipping) (physical exercises in which short periods of intense jumps alternate with short periods of rest), fitness snacking (multiple short-term intense physical exercises for one day), napercise (nap + exercise) (a lesson consisting of physical exercises with short periods of sleep), Tabata (a type of exercise where short periods of intense exercise alternate with short periods of rest). Considering lexical-semantic system of English language, it should be noted that new models and elements appear in lexical and semantic paradigms in the framework of the most significant phenomena. To identify the most common ways of forming innovations in sports vocabulary, we studied and analysed theoretical approaches in this field, wrote out sports terminology from paper and e-sources: newspapers and journals, sports programs, radio and television news. As a result, a vocabulary was accumulated (675 units), in accordance with which certain conclusions were made on the ways of the new vocabulary coinage. The main ways of forming new words related to physical culture and sports are as follows: telescopy or stem blending (champing, streetball, cat-leap, underbar), suffixation with the most productive suffix –ing (zorbing, gliding, potholing, trampolining, roofing),–er (carder, roofer, zorber). The results of the study made it possible to systematize and classify the methods of word formation according to the frequency of their use. It turned out that the most productive is telescopy, accounting for 71%, then follows affixation with almost 20% frequency, then goes change of semantic meaning or filling the old word with a new meaning (cereal box -substandard head protection, particularly a poor quality hockey helmet). The research allows us to conclude that the most common way of translating the vocabulary innovations of the last decade related to physical culture and sports from English into Ukrainian is transcoding (canicross – канікрос, streetball – стритбол, heliyoga- гелі-йога); loan translation (with transposition) and descriptive translation (goat yoga – йога в присутності кіз, immersive yoga – йога занурення). Though the type of translation frequently depends not only on the innovation itself, but it’s popularity, context and the target audience.

UA : Дипломна робота − 56 стор., 71 джерело. Об’єкт дослідження: процеси змін словникового складу англійської мови останнього десятиліття. Мета роботи: дослідити лінгвальні особливості англомовної лексики та фразеології останнього десятиліття, пов’язаної з фізкультурою та спортом і способи і засоби перекладу на українську мову. Теоретико-методологічні засади: ключові положення, які стосуються поняття неологізм, розроблені В. Виноградовим, Ш. Баллі, В. Девкіним; дослідження нової англомовної лексики і фразеології останнього десятиліття Ю. Зацного; принципи теорії перекладу, розроблені В. Карабаном, І. Корунцем, Т. Левицкою, Р. Фитерман, Т. Кияком, К. Райс та ін.). Отримані результати: Серед новотворів виділено групи: 1) які співвідносяться із різними новими видами спорту, туризму, з фізичною культурою та фітнесом. Серед способів утворення домінує телескопія. Найпродуктивнішою моделлю композиції є синтаксична модель утворення бінарних одиниць за схемою N + N. Єдиного розв’язання проблеми перекладу нової лексики і фразеології не існує, перекладач з’ясовує значення слова, спираючись на структурно-семантичні ознаки неологізму, контекст, реферативну літературу і власні фонові знання, а потім створює відповідники. Здебільшого перекладач орієнтується на занижені фонові знання цільової аудиторії і комбінує прямі способи трансляції (транскодування, калькування) з описовим перекладом.